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Cryptanalysis Exercises Cryptanalysis involves analyzing cryptographic systems to understand their vulnerabilities and weaknesses. Frequency Analysis: Frequency analysis is a classical cryptanalysis technique used to break substitution ciphers by analyzing the frequency of letters or symbols in the ciphertext. Brute Force Attacks: Brute force attacks involve systematically checking all ..

Implementation of Cryptographic Algorithms in Python Python is a popular programming language for implementing cryptographic algorithms due to its simplicity and rich libraries. Symmetric Encryption: Symmetric encryption algorithms such as AES and DES can be implemented in Python using libraries like pycryptodome. Asymmetric Encryption: Asymmetric encryption schemes like RSA can also be..

Advanced TopicsPost-Quantum CryptographyPost-quantum cryptography refers to cryptographic algorithms that are secure against attacks by quantum computers.NTRUEncrypt NTRUEncrypt is a lattice-based public key cryptosystem that is believed to be secure against attacks by quantum computers. Key Generation: Choose parameters \( N, p, q \) where \( N \) is a product of three distinct prime numb..

Cryptographic ProtocolsSecure Communication Protocols SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security): Protocols used to provide secure communication over a network, typically between a web server and a web browser.Key Establishment Protocols IKE (Internet Key Exchange): Protocol used to establish a shared security association (SA) between two parties, commonly used in IPsec VPNs. ..

Hash Functions and Digital SignaturesCryptographic Hash Functions SHA-2: A family of cryptographic hash functions including SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512. SHA-3: The latest member of the Secure Hash Algorithm family, designed to provide better security and performance than SHA-2.Digital Signatures RSA: A widely-used public-key cryptosystem for secure communication and digital signatures..

Public-Key CryptographyIntroduction to Number Theory Concepts Prime numbers: Numbers that are only divisible by 1 and themselves. Modular arithmetic: Arithmetic operations performed on remainders when divided by a specified modulus.RSA Encryption and Digital Signatures RSA encryption: A public-key encryption algorithm based on the difficulty of factoring large composite numbers. Digi..